Sumimasen, Is That The Singapore Lion On Your Logo Mark?

 



Logo mark of JDS Ise ( DDH-182 )



The other day I was just browsing the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force ( JMSDF ) website like I always used to now and then. They have recently launched the Maya-class Aegis destroyer Haguro ( DDG-180 ) and there is an open campaign for the design of the ship's logo mark. That's what the Japanese call the ship's crest or ship's emblem, the logo mark ( ロゴマーク rogo maku ). It's a routine publicity exercise for the JMSDF and they have conducted these competitions whenever there is a launch of a major vessel in the past few years. To let the designers have an idea of what would be expected, JMSDF kindly provided some references of the logo marks of several of their ships in active service. All seems well until something very out of the place caught my eye : the logo mark of the helicopter carrier Ise.

It may initially look like any other ship crest with the usual sword, shield, rope, ship name, pennant number and ship's motto but the red lion head motif stood out like a sore thumb as it is undoubtedly almost an exact copy of the national symbol of Singapore.

The reference logo marks on JMSDF website :
Kaga, Izumo, Maya, Ise, Hyuga and Murasame.

More reference logo marks from JMSDF FB

 The Two Lions



The Lion Head, a national symbol of Singapore
in pantone 032 ( red ).
Downloaded from National Heritage Board, Singapore

The Ise lion head for comparison



Comparing the two lion logos, it is not difficult to see that the Ise lion is a slightly modified version of the Singapore lion. Minor changes were made to the eye, the chin, the nose and the mane but the general outline of the logo does not differ much from the original Singapore lion. The similarities are too striking to be ignored.

But how would we know which is the original and which is the copy? Consider this : the Singapore lion logo has been designated a national symbol by the government of Singapore since 1986 while the helicopter carrier Ise was only launched in August 2009 and commissioned in March 2011. Its current logo mark was therefore designed and officially adopted sometime between 2009 and 2011.

The Singapore Lion Head Symbol

Singapore, a tiny sovereign nation in South East Asia, is also known as the Lion City. The Malay Annals has it that in the year 1299 Sang Nila Utama, a prince from Palembang, landed on the island of Temasek after his fleet survived a terrible tropical storm. He caught a fleeting sight of a strange animal with a red body, black head and white breast before it disappeared into the jungle and was told it was a lion. Believing it to be a good omen, he decided to build a new city there and renamed the island Singapura which in the Sanskrit language means " lion city ".

The lion has therefore been associated with Singapore since time in memorial and is indeed featured on its coat of arms. However, since the national flag and the coat of arms are official symbols of Singapore, their use would be restricted and subjected to strict regulations. A less formal symbol that is easily recognizable and distinctive to Singapore is required so that individuals, organizations and corporations may use it to promote a sense of national identity.

As such, the government of Singapore invited local art schools and advertising agencies to produce a new symbol that best exemplifies the characteristics of the nation. Among many entries that depicted high rise public housing, palm trees and various lions, a winning design emerged. The lion head logo created by Michael Lee, then 33 years old, senior art director with Gartshore Keer and Lim advertising agency, was selected and was adopted as Singapore's alternative national symbol in 1986.

The lion represents courage, strength and excellence. The symbol is set in solid red against a white background, the colours of Singapore's national flag. The five strands of the lion's mane represents Singapore's ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.

The lion head symbol has since proliferated and can be frequently found printed on the packaging of made in Singapore produce and incorporated as company logos, among other things. By 1990, the Republic of Singapore Air Force has also replaced its old Yin and Yang inspired roundel with the lion head roundel.

The lion head roundel on the RSAF's F-15SG fighter.

Being one of the national symbols of Singapore means that the use of the lion head symbol still falls under some form of guideline. For example, the design may not be modified in any way or have any graphics or words superimposed over it. It can however be depicted in outline form, be embossed ( and perhaps also be debossed ) and be portrayed as a watermark. Its official colours are Pantone 032 ( red ), white and black.

The Straits Time of Singapore article 23rd July 1986
Source : National Library Board / SPH

JMSDF Helicopter Carrier Ise's Logo Mark

JDS Ise is a Hyuga-class helicopter destroyer of the JMSDF. Its name is derived from the ancient Japanese Province of Ise ( 伊勢国 Ise no kuni ), an area which in modern day covers most of Mie Prefecture in the Kinki region east of Osaka. Its namesake also includes the Ise Grand Shrine, one of the three most sacred Shinto shrines in Japan.

Despite being officially classified as a " helicopter carrying destroyer ", the Ise is actually helicopter carrier characterized by its flattop flight deck and island type bridge and control tower.

The JS Ise underway. Source : JMSDF

Unlike more recently commissioned JMSDF warships like the helicopter carrier Kaga or the destroyer Maya which had acquired their ship logo marks through design competitions open to the public, it seemed that the Ise had hers designed by her commanding officer, a certain Captain Hoshiyama Ryoichi ( 星山良一 ).

Hoshiyama graduated from the Japan National Defense Academy in 1982 ( 26th batch of graduates ). He was the last commanding officer of the helicopter destroyer Haruna ( DDH-141 ) from 2007 to 2009 after which he was appointed commanding officer of Pre-commissioning Unit Ise from 21st Aug 2009 to 15th Mar 2011 under the auspices of the Fleet Research & Development Command ( 開発隊群 ). He was also Ise's first commanding officer after her commissioning from 16th Mar 2011 to 31st Jul 2012. The list of current and past commanders of JDS Ise can be seen here, just above the footnote, in Japanese only.








Logo mark of JDS Ise ( DDH-182 )

The basic design of Ise's logo mark is that of an ovoid seal with golden coloured ropes at the rims. It has a central shield supported by two swords with the usual ship's motto on blue scrolls in English. This is very similar to the layout of the United States Navy ship's crest design and very different from the usual Japanese ship logo mark designs.

The flower motif, the hanabishi ( 花菱 ), represents the emblem of the Ise Grand Shrine and the green ladder-like design that leads to it represents the sanguukaidou ( 参宮街道 ), the path that the pilgrims take when they visit the shrine and it also represents the passage of time from the moment the shrine was constructed till modern day. The lion is supposed to signify the strength of Ise. The ship silhouette is of course the helicopter carrier Ise viewed from the front. 2011 was the year of her commissioning and the ship's motto is clearly spelled out in English : Readiness ( 即応 ), Expertness ( 高練度 ) and Integrity ( 誠実 ). The ship's name and pennant number were also included.




Hanabishi of the Ise Grand Shrine



Ship's crest of USS Truxtun DDG-103
exemplifies the usual American design.
Source : Wikipedia




The typical JMSDF ship logo mark is frequently round, simple and
elegant, with the ship's name in English as well as Japanese.
Source : JMSDF



Another example of JMSDF ship logo mark.
It is unconventional to have the ship's name written in kanji.
Source : JMSDF
 

Hoshiyama's lion head not only adorns Ise's logo mark, it is also found printed on Ise's promotional brochures, photo albums, wall-sized posters, sometimes in colours other than red. It has also made it onto many of the ship's official and unofficial paraphernalia like patches, badges, coasters, phone cases, collar pins, caps and mugs.




JDS Ise brochure Source : 4travel.jp




Commemorative Photo Album cover.
Source : blog.goo.ne.jp



Ise logo mark as wall backdrop for photo
taking during a public event in 2018



JDS Ise hangar screen : trained by a hundred battles 百戦練磨
 Source : 4travel.jp

Lion head symbol imprinted on a curtain.

Hoshiyama Ryouichi

Captain Hoshiyama Ryoichi as CO Ise in a photo dating from 2011.
The calligraphy on the wall reads " Ise ". Source : J-navy.sakura.ne.jp

 After his stint as the commanding officer of the Ise, Captain Hoshiyama was appointed Commander, Kure Fleet Training Command. According to published Japanese MOD documents ( Page 5 Number 5 ) on the re-employment status of retired senior officers, Hoshiyama retired on 9th Feb 2016 at the age of 56 years old, relinquishing his final post as the commander of the Sasebo Naval Base. He subsequently found employment in the private sector on 23rd Jun 2016, joining Imabari Ship Building Co. Ltd, Japan's biggest shipbuilder, as a senior manager in charged of workplace safety and quality control.


In my opinion, Hoshiyama's design looks amateurish and lacks the usual finesse and elegance typical of other Japanese warship logo marks. He tried to copy the structure of the American ship's badge but failed to understand the various components that made up the badge and his design ended up with a central shield that didn't quite look like a proper shield and was without a crest. The ship's motto was written in English rather than his native Japanese reflects the lack of originality. The designs on the shield also looks messy with the lion head, hanabishi, pilgrim's path and ship silhouette all over the place. The scroll on which the ship's motto was written also lacks contrast with the front and back of the scroll in different shades of blue and blue-grey.


Hoshiyama should be called upon to explain how he designed the logo mark of the Ise, in particular, how the lion head motif came to be. Did he knowingly or unknowingly copy the Singapore lion head symbol and modified it slightly to suit his purpose? If that was the case he would have been guilty of plagiarism and would have violated the regulations governing the use of Singapore's national symbol. To recapitulate, the lion head symbol should not be modified in any way and has to be used in a tasteful and respectful manner by Singaporean entities for promoting a sense of national identity. Foreign entities are therefore excluded from any authorized use of the symbol. The fact that this had gone unnoticed for so long was what amazed me. After all, JDS Ise did make a port call to Singapore in 2016 during the Asean Defense Minister's Meeting - Plus ( ADMM+ ). Somebody should have noticed something.

Frankly speaking, the JMSDF might be better off if it conducts a competition to redesign the Ise's logo mark. The collective talent of hundreds of amateur and professional artists and designers will certainly beat the artistic prowess of a ship's captain, hopefully resulting in a better logo mark. Unless, of course, if the JMSDF intends to donate the Ise to the Singapore Navy, then there is no real need to redesign anything apart from changing the Hoshiyama lion to the Singapore lion! Domo arigato gozaimasu!!

 

JMSDF Kanoya Naval Aviation Museum

 

Kanoya Air Base Museum

I was in Kyushu in July for a trail run in the mountains of the Kirishima-Kinowan National Park amidst the torrential rain brought by Typhoon Danas. The weather was so severe that the course had to be shortened and the race terminated prematurely for many participants. Needless to say, I DNF.

Fortunately, the skies cleared the next morning and I took the opportunity to visit Japan Maritime Self Defense Force's ( JMSDF ) Kanoya Air Base Museum which is only about 60km from Kirishima City. JMSDF has in total three museums catering to different aspects of naval warfare in Kyushu and Honshu. The Sasebo museum deals with surface warfare, the Kure museum deals with undersea warfare and the Kanoya museum with naval aviation.

Kanoya Air Base And Museum

Kanoya is a city in Kagoshima Prefecture located in the remote south-eastern part of Kyushu Island. Due to its southerly latitude and its proximity to the southern seas, Kanoya Air Base was extensively used for Kamikaze operations in the closing days of World War II. Today, it is the headquarter of Fleet Air Wing 1 with its P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft ( and the P-1 since July 2019 ), UH-60J search and rescue helicopter, as well as TH-135 and SH-60 training squadrons.

The museum is located just outside of the airbase and is accessible to the public seven days a week except during the New Year holidays. Admission is free of charge.

History and Purpose

The museum is popularly known as the Kanoya Sky Museum ( 鹿屋スカイミュージアム ) in Japan. It first opened in December 1973 and received a total of 840640 visitors up till December 1991 when it was closed for renovations. The renewed museum was reopened in July 1993 and has received 1904613 visitors until December 2018, a monthly average of about 5000.

The design of the 2-storey main building is rather drape and unexciting. It houses some 5500 artifacts relating to the history of Kanoya Air Base under the administration of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II and also post war and modern JMSDF naval aviation activities. Not surprisingly, it has a special section dedicated to the Kamikaze pilots, many of whom took off from Kanoya never ever to return. A immaculately restored Mitsubishi A6M5 Model 52c Zero fighter is displayed in this indoor area.

The extensive outdoor display area has many legacy maritime patrol aircrafts like the P-2V Neptune, S2F-1 Tracker and rotary crafts like the KV-107II but the most unique has to be the Kawanishi H8K2 flying boat from WWII. It is the one and only surviving specimen in the entire world but more of that later.

As usual, the purpose of these Self Defense Force museums are always for publicity and recruitment. There is no conscription in post war Japan and the SDF is made up entirely of career soldiers and these are always in short supply, made worse by the declining birth rates and shrinking population. The museum show cases the activities and equipment of the SDF with the hope of enticing young men and women to join its ranks when they come of age.

The Indoor Exhibits

A large hall with high ceiling welcomes the visitor to the museum. At the receptionist counter, the visitor book has only two columns for your signature. One column for visitors from Kagoshima Prefecture and the other column for visitors from all the other 46 Prefectures of Japan. There is no provision for foreigners or non-Japanese visitors as the museum is not expecting ANY. It is remote enough that many of the Japanese themselves may not have known about it far less make a visit. As such, be warned that the displayed exhibits are mainly in Japanese language only.

A floor to ceiling stained glass art piece depicting the active volcano Sakurajima basking in the glow of the setting sun stands erect at the end of the entrance hall. Entitled Evening Glow on Sakurajima ( 夕映桜島 ) and crafted by artist Hirayama You, it was meant to recreate the last vision of Japan seen by the Kamikaze pilots as they depart Kanoya Air Base for their final suicide mission. The purpose of this art piece was purportedly to appease the spirits of these young men who sacrificed their lives for their country and to pray for world peace. It was installed at the museum in 1993.

Stained Glass panel Yuei Sakurajima ( 夕映桜島 ）
 by Hirayama You ( 平山郁夫 )

Standing next to a pillar in front of the stained glass panel is a half sized bronze statue of a Kamikaze pilot entitled Special Attack Pilot's Statue ( 特攻隊員の像 Tokkoutaiin no Zou ) with a small display about the sculptor Fukushima Kiyohiko ( 福島精彦 ) who had to battle some chronic physical disability while sculpturing. These art pieces help set the tone for the extensive collection of Kamikaze related documents including dairies, last wills, photographs and personal belongings of the pilot that the visitor is about to encounter on level 2 of the museum

Special Attack Pilot's Statue by Fukushima Kiyohiko

Photography was strictly prohibited within the special exhibit area on the Kamikaze Special Attack Corps out of respect for the deceased members. It was a good place to learn about the history of the special attack units as long as you can understand Japanese and have plenty of time to spend at the museum. As I only had a couple of hours to spare, I moved on to the adjacent room where the main attraction of the museum was displayed - a restored Mitsubishi A6M5 Model 52c Zero fighter. This was the only location on the second floor where photography was permitted.

Mitsubishi A6M5 Model 52c Zerosen

The A6M5 Model 52c was an evolved late generation zero fighter that was first flown in Sep 1944. They were mainly used to intercept American B-29 bombers and for Kamikaze special attacks. The restoration effort has an interesting history as it combined the parts from 2 wreckages from different areas in Kagoshima. One was an A6M2b Model 21 salvaged from the beach near Tarumizu City ( 垂水市 ) which is located south of Sakurajima. The other was an A6M5 Model 52c fished from the seabed off Fukiagehama ( 吹上浜 ) in western Kagoshima.

Salvaging the Zerosen wreckages.

The reconstruction works must have been monumental but the museum did a fantastic job. The Zero fighter looked immaculate and the cockpit can be viewed at close range with all the instruments in place. It looks primitive compared with that of a more modern fighter like the F-5. Even the Nakajima Sakae Model 21 radial engine is displayed next to the aircraft.



View of the cockpit

The Nakajima Sakae Model 21 engine - 14 cylinder two-row air-cooled radial

The tail hook for catching the arrestor cable on the aircraft carrier flight deck

All around the Zerosen are scale models of ship and aircraft and photographs of admirals.

More displays await the visitor on the ground floor of the museum. You will come across many scale models of legacy anti-submarine patrol aircrafts like the P2V-7, P-2J, P-3C and amphibious aircrafts like the US-1 as you descend the stairs.

P2V-7, YS-11 and helicopter scale models

On the ground level, an entire section is dedicated to search and rescue operations ( SAR ) with the displays centering on the partial airframe of a decommissioned Mitsubishi S-61A Sea King SAR helicopter. The visitor can enter the cabin and cockpit of the helicopter, walk around and see the winch, life raft and rescue basket up close.

Mitsubishi S-61A Sea King SAR helicopter

Interior of the S-61A is surprisingly spacious

Life raft, rescue basket and flotation device 

 

Close up of rescue basket

S-61A cockpit

The S-61A Sea King has long since retired and has now been replaced by the UH-60J Sea Hawk helicopter in the SAR role.


Still on the ground level but at a different corner is the front section of a Kawasaki P-2J Neptune anti-submarine patrol aircraft on display. This aircraft was most likely P-2J serial number 4770. A total of 83 were produced by Kawasaki between 1969 and 1979 with the last aircraft being s/n 4783. All had been retired from service by 1995, replaced by the P-3C Orion. The visitor can step up to view the cockpit or crawl through to the nose cone.




Front section of a P-2J Neptune ASW aircraft, likely s/n 4770

P-2J nose cone

P-2J cockpit

This is also where one can learn everything about the Neptune variants. The various consoles within the P-2J were faithfully reconstructed as museum display complete with the instrument panels and even the seats. They include the work space for the 2 acoustic sensor operators, the Tactical Co-ordinator ( TACCO ), navigation officer, non-acoustic sensor operator ( radar, Magnetic Anomaly Detector, electronic warfare ) , communications officer and ordnance officer.

L-R : AW1 ( Acoustic 1), AW2 ( Acoustic 2 ), TACCO, Navigation,
AW3 ( non-acoustic sensors - Radar, MAD, EW )

 

Radio operator console



Wright R3350-32W Radial Engine

The Wright R3350-32W duplex cyclone 18 cylinder air-cooled radial engine that powered the P2V-7 is shown with parts of the propeller. A series of Japanese sonobuoys are also displayed from the primitive HQS-2 passive type sonobuoy with vacuum-tube technology to slightly more advanced all-transistor versions like the HQS-4 and its successor HQS-6 and even later versions HQS-12, HQS-31 and HQS-33. The JMSDF used US made sonobuoys from 1954, its year of inauguration, until 1958. From 1959 only domestically developed sonobuoys were deployed.

Cutaway display of various Japanese developed passive type sonobuoys

 

HQS-5D sonobuoy with parachute

A Mk 34 acoustic torpedo and a Mk 44 air-launched lightweight torpedo are on display with a ATM-84D air-launched Harpoon missile which can be carried by the P-3C Orion.  A replica of a contact type sea mine is also exhibited in front of the nose of the P-2J.

Mk 34 Acoustic Torpedo ( front ) and Mk 44 Air Launched Lightweight Torpedo ( back ) 

 

A replica of the Harpoon missile on the pylon of an ASW patrol aircraft

Contact type sea mine

JMSDF uniforms

So that more or less wraps up the museum's indoor displays. There are of course a few miscellaneous exhibits like uniforms, rank insignias, museum mascots and odds and ends but the outdoor aircraft displays awaits.

The Kanoya Sky Museum with its extensive outdoor exhibition of legacy naval aircrafts

Outdoor Aircraft Collection

The over the years the Kanoya Air Base Museum has amassed a huge collection of legacy naval fixed wing and rotary assets. They include amphibious planes like the Shinmeiwa US-1, maritime patrol aircrafts like the Lockheed P2V-7 and S2F Tracker, trainers like the Beechcraft B-65 Queen Air and the Beech SNB-4 Expeditor, Kawasaki KV-107II mine sweeping helicopter, the ancient looking Bell 47 trainer helicopter, Kawasaki OH-6D and many more. Some like the Kawanishi H8K2 flying boat shown below is unique to this museum and can be found nowhere else.

Kawanishi H8K2 Model 12

The last Kawanishi H8K2 Model 12 on display at Kanoya
Allied reporting name " Emily " Source Wikipedia.

This large aircraft is known as the Nishiki Hikotei ( 二式飛行艇 ) or Type 2 flying boat in Japanese. It was considered one of the most outstanding maritime combat aircraft of WWII with its large capacity, long endurance and strong defensive armaments. The allied reporting name for the H8K was " Emily ". Of  all the 167 built, this aircraft is the sole surviving specimen.

Unsurprisingly, the museum has made the H8K Nishiki Hikotei the official museum mascot and has created a caricature in the form of a flying whale called Nishiki Don. It has a counterpart that looks like a doggie with flappy ears that resemble wings called Hikotaro which means flying Taro. Taro ( 太郎 ) is a very common Japanese name for the male gender. The Hikotaro character was created to mark the museum's 25th anniversary.

You can read about the H8K2 Emily in my separate blog post here.



The museum mascot Nishiki Don

The sidekick Hikotaro created for the museum's 25th anniversary

Shin Meiwa US-1A

Next, the Shin Meiwa US-1A STOL Amphibian for Search and Rescue is probably also unique to this museum. The US-1A flying boat had been in service with the JMSDF only and had never been sold to any foreign nation. Affectionately known as Otori ( おおとり ) or Big Bird, the US-1A was credited with saving more than 500 lives from 1976 until 2017 when the type was retired from service.

The Shin Meiwa US-1A Amphibious SAR flying boat.

The US-1A with a Kawasaki P-2J in the background

 

The unique shape of the wave suppressor is clearly seen here

 

The swiveling landing gear made the US-1A a true amphibian

Grumman S2F-1 Tracker

Between 1957 and 1959, the fledging JMSDF received a total of 60 Grumman S2F-1 anti-submarine patrol aircraft under the Military Aid Program from the US. The S2F was the world's first purpose built single airframe ASW aircraft. It was later re-designated the S-2 Tracker. The Japanese nick-named theirs the Aotaka ( あおたか ) which most likely means blue eagle. The S-2 was powered by two Wright R-1820-82WA radials and could be armed with torpedoes, depth charges and rockets. The last of JMSDF's S-2F1 was retired on 30th Mar 1983.




Grumman S-2F1 ( S-2A ) with dorsally mounted ESM pod



Side view of S-2F1 ( 4131 )

 

 

Rear view of S-2F1

Kawasaki P2V-7 Neptune

The JMSDF operated a total of 64 P2V-7 Neptune land based anti-submarine patrol bomber beginning from 1956. The first 16 aircrafts were transferred from the USN while the rest were either assembled or manufactured by Kawasaki. Together with the carrier capable S-2F1 Tracker, it formed the mainstay of JMSDF's aerial ASW asset. The Japanese nick name is Owashi ( おおわし ) meaning Big Eagle.

The P2V is powered by two Wright R-3350 32W radials augmented by two Westinghouse J34-WE-34 turbojets. The JMSDF retired its last P2V-7 in 1981.





The P2V-7 can be distinguished from the P-2J by its
4 bladed propeller and single wheel on the main landing gear

Kawasaki P-2J Neptune

The museum also has not one but 2 Kawasaki P-2J Neptune ASW patrol planes on display, though not unique to Kanoya, as far as I am aware, only the Kakamigahara Aerospace Museum in Gifu Prefecture has another P-2J on display. The P-2J was the license-produced and upgraded version of the Lockheed P2V-7. The radial engines of the P2V-7 were replaced by turboprops and the P-2J used 3 bladed propellers instead of the 4 bladed ones found on the P2V-7. The P-2J's main landing gear has 2 smaller wheels unlike the P2V-7 which has one single large wheel.

A total of 83 P-2Js had been produced with 82 new builds and one converted from a P2V-7. All P-2Js had been retired from service by May 1994.





P-2J serial number 4771



P-2J serial number 4771





P-2J serial number 4783





The turboprop engine with a 3 bladed propeller
and the smaller turbojet mounted next to it.
Note the two wheels on the main landing gear. 



 

 

 

Fuji KM-2

The Fuji KM-2 was the licence-built version of the Beechcraft T-34 Mentor trainer. The JMSDF had 62 KM-2 as its primary trainer. It was nicknamed komadori ( こまどり ) which means robin in Japanese. All had been ben retired by 1998 but many improved versions spawned from the original KM-2. The KM-2B ultimately became mass produced as the T-3. The KM-2D had a turboprop engine and was mass produced as the T-5. The KM-2F aka T-3 kai ( improved T-3 ) was mass produced as the T-7.




Fuji KM-2 Trainer



The KM-2 : Mother Of All Trainers

 

Beechcraft SNB-4

 

The SNB-4 was the military derivative of the venerable Beechcraft Model 18. The JMSDF was provided with 35 SNB-4/5 in 1957 and deployed them for instrument flight training and navigation training until their retirement in 1966. They were nicknamed benibato ( べにばと ) which means red turtle dove. They were eventually replaced with the Beechcraft B-65.

 



The Beechcraft SNB-4

 

The Beechcraft SNB-4

Beechcraft B-65

Between 1963 to 1967 the JMSDF took in 28 Beechcraft B-65 Queen Air as trainers. The JMSDF has been using them as trainers for multi-engine aircrafts like the P-2J. They were nicknamed umibato ( うみばと ) which means pigeon guillemot. The B-65 were gradually being replaced by the TC-90 from 1974 and all have been retired by 1990.


 

 

The Beechcraft B-65 Trainer

 

 

This Queen Air's vertical stabilizer seem to be missing its rudders

B-65 Queen Air

Douglas R4D-6Q

The R4D is the USN / USMC variant of the C-47 Skytrain / Dakota. The R4D-6Q is basically the C-47B ( later redesignated C-47J in 1962 ). The JMSDF had received a total of 3 aircrafts in 1958 one of which strictly speaking was an R4D-7. It was nicknamed manatsuru ( まなつる ) meaning white-nape crane. They were then the only transport planes of the JMSDF. They were replaced by the YS-11 in 1971. Two of the aircrafts were purchased by the US and sold to the Philippines leaving the last one on display at Kanoya.

 

 

 

Douglas R4D-6Q ( C-47B )







Kawasaki Vertol KV-107II

The Kawasaki Vertol KV-107II was the license-built version of the Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight medium lift helicopter. The JMSDF acquired a total of 9 such helicopters in 2 batches for mine sweeping duties and nicknamed them shirasagi ( しらさぎ ) which means white heron. The initial 2 helicopters were the KV-107II-3 model while the later 7 helicopters were the improved KV-107IIA-3 model. The displayed helicopter with serial number 8608 belongs to the later model.


The Kawasaki Vertol KV-107IIA-3 mine sweeping helicopter

  

 

Rear view of the KV-107IIA-3

Mitsubishi HSS-2A

The Mitsubishi HSS-2A is the license-built version of the Sikorsky S-61B ( SH-3D ) Sea King anti-submarine warfare helicopter. 28 were built beginning in 1963. In addition JMSDF had another 55 HSS-2 ( SH-3A ) and 23 HSS-2B ( SH-3H ). The HSS-2B had been taken out of service in 2003.




Mitsubishi HSS-2A ASW helicopter

The HSS-2A next to the bus bay of the car park

Bell 47G-2

The Bell 47G-2 ( H-13H ) was license-produced by Kawasaki between 1954 to 1964. It had wooden rotors and 75 were built. It was nicknamed hibari ( ひばり ) meaning sky lark. It was mainly used for training, liaison and observation. It had been retired from service in 1982.

Bell 47G-2

Kawasaki / Bell 47G-2

Kawasaki OH-6D

The JMSDF acquired 14 Kawasaki OH-6D for pilot training manufactured under license from Hughes Helicopters ( now Boeing ). All have been retired by 2011 and had been replaced by the MD-500, the civilian version of the OH-6 which is still in production.

Kawasaki OH-6D next to parking lot

Main anchor of the IJN battleship Hiei ( 比叡 )
on display on museum grounds

Is Kanoya Worth Visiting?

With so many interesting exhibits, Kanoya Air Base Museum is definitely a must visit site for military enthusiasts. A chance to see the world's last Kawanishi H8K2 Emily flying boat close-up already makes the trip worth while. Having said that, the museum is not without its short comings.

Its remoteness makes accessibility a real issue especially when the rail service does not extend to Kanoya. There are regular buses plying the Kagoshima - Kanoya route but it takes 2 hours one way and will cost about $18. Driving there in a rental car is probably a marginally better option but it still takes 1 hour 40 minutes through toll road. Fortunately there are ample parking spaces available and parking is free.

I noticed that most of the JMSDF aircrafts on display were those that had long retired and the museum lacks more modern aircrafts. The TC-90 trainer and the P-3C maritime patrol aircraft can be candidates to consider as both are being gradually retired. Scale models of the latest aircrafts like the Kawasaki P-1 can also be added to give the museum a more contemporary feel.

Another glaring deficiency is the state of the outdoor aircraft exhibit. Apart from the H8K2 flying boat, most of the aircrafts on display on the sprawling grounds around the museum looked somewhat neglected with weather-worn paintwork and even missing parts. If only these old warbirds could be repainted periodically and have some basic maintenance to spruce them up.

Without a roof to provide protection from the elements, the condition of the displayed aircrafts can only gradually deteriorate with time. I hope the JMSDF will consider building a large hangar as a permanent housing for the aircrafts, perhaps during the museum's next renovation. With typhoons getting more frequent and ferocious due to global warming, I do not think displaying the aircrafts out in the open is a wise option moving forward. The proximity of Kanoya Air Base to Sakurajima, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, also means that should a major eruption occur, all those precious aircrafts could be damaged.

Lastly, if you have gone that far south in Kyushu, also consider visiting the Chiran Peace Museum in Kagoshima which is dedicated to commemorating the pilots of the Kamikaze Special Attack squadrons. It's an hour's drive south of Kagoshima City, or about 3 hours from Kanoya on the other side of Kagoshima Bay.