From Jet Ski to Missile Frigate : Philippine Navy Modernizes

 

 

South Korean Navy Incheon-class guided missile frigate underway.
A variant will soon be equipping the Philippine Navy. Photo Korean DoD.




No To Jet Ski Yes To Frigates

The Philippine Navy ( PN ) has finally woken up from its delusion that a charging Duterte on a Jet Ski could help reclaim the Scarborough Shoal, or the Mischief Reef, or any of the numerous disputed low tide elevations, rocks and islands in the Spratly Island Group. For the first time in many decades, it is actually coughing out serious dough to acquire new build GUIDED MISSILE frigates, a.k.a. FFG, proper modern surface combatants that can at least stand a chance of surviving a hostile encounter with the ultra-advanced frigates and destroyers of the South Seas Fleet of the People's Liberation Army Navy ( PLAN ). More importantly, the possibility of afflicting real damage to any belligerent enemy naval unit means that the new frigates will bring some deterrent value to the PN.

Two frigates will never be sufficient to counter an entire fleet but it is a step in the right direction. Admitting that Jet Skis would not work is an important and brave move on the part of the PN. Look at it this way, any soldier who dares to stand up against the words of his presidente and tell the truth while risking his own rice bowl or maybe even his life is commendable. We have a glimpse of what the future holds for the courageous men and women of the PN, who unfortunately are lead by a NSB ( Not So Bright ), d***headed and foul-mouthed commander-in-chief.

The State of the Philippine Navy

As mentioned before, the Philippine Navy operates a mishmash of obsolete warships donated by friendly nations or bought second-hand on the cheap, some of which have histories going back to World War II! Up to now, their most impressive man-of-war is a trio ( PF-17 BRP Andres Bonifacio was transferred to the PN on 21st Jul 2016 ) of the ex-US Coast Guard Hamilton-class cutters bought from the Unite States under the Foreign Military Sale program through the Foreign Assistance Act. These so called high endurance cutters have already seen more than 40 years of service with the USCG before being retired and have all been promoted to frigates in the PN! This despite the fact that they are only armed with a 76mm Oto Melara gun, a 25mm autocannon and half a dozen Ma Deuce type machine guns ... limited anti-submarine warfare ( ASW ) capabilities, no missiles, no close-in weapons system ( CIWS ).

Seal of the Philippine Navy. Wikipedia

Without the proper equipment and support, a tall order for any admiral or sailor.

The two ex-USCG Hamilton-class high endurance cutters reincarnated as PF-15 and PF-16
 with the USN's guided missile destroyer DDG-56 USS John S. McCain during
CARAT 2014. PF-17 had only been commissioned on 21 Jul 2016
and of course would not have been in the photo. USN Photo

A ragtag flotilla of small boats belonging to the PN and PCG during CARAT 2012.
From front to back coastal patrol craft BRP Salvador Abcede (PG 114),
the corvette BRP Miguel Malvar (PS 19), the Philippine coast guard patrol boat
PCG Pampanga (SARV 003) and BRP IloIlo (PS 32).
The biggest ship in the back ground is the USS Vandegrift ( FFG-48 ),
an Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided missile frigate of the USN. Photo USN

It has been considered the weakest among the South East Asian navies for years, partly a victim of successions of corrupt and/or ineffective leadership that had emptied the coffers of the nation. It didn't help when at one time the Philippines decided to focus its military resources on internal security and fighting Islamic insurgents at the expense of countering external threats to its exclusive economic zone ( EEZ ) and sovereignty.

It was only after losing Mischief Reef and Scarborough Shoal to China that the Filipinos finally realized the dire state of their military and resolved to embark on a renewed Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP ) modernization program, the previous effort having failed during the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. In Dec 2012, under the administration of Benigno Aquino III, Congress passed the Republic Act No. 10349, a.k.a. the revised AFP modernization act which extends the modernization program for another 15 years with a budget of PHP 75 billion for the first 5 years. All 3 services of the armed forces would benefit from this upgrading effort. Now, almost 4 years on, we are beginning to see the results of some of these early efforts. The Philippines Air Force had began receiving some of their brand new FA-50 fighters from Korea ( 12 ordered, more considered ) and also their AugustaWestland AW-109 helicopters ( 8 ordered ). The Philippines Army meanwhile gets 114 M-113A2 armoured personnel carriers from ex-US stocks and tens of thousands of new M-4 carbines, RPGs and howitzers.





The PN's newest and biggest vessel the Landing Platform Dock LD-601 BRP Tarlac
 17th May 2016. The A-gun looks missing. Fitted for but not with?  Photo : PN 

SSV number 2 has been launched and christened the BRP Davao Del Sur
( LD-602 ) at the dockyard of PT PAL (Persero) in Surabaya, Indonesia
on 29th Sep 2016. Source PN

 

BRP Davao Del Sur ( LD-602 ) at the dockyard of PT PAL (Persero)
 in Surabaya, Indonesia on 29th Sep 2016. Source PN

For the PN, modernization came in the form of a brand new Landing Platform Dock, the BRP Tarlac, built by Indonesia based on their successful Makassar-class LPD which in turn has Korean origins. It is relatively huge at 11583 tons full load but is only armed with guns and does not have any CIWS installed. The first-in-class LD-601 BRP Tarlac was delivered to the PN only in May this year and was commissioned on 1st Jun 2016 while the second-in-class BRP Davao Del Sur ( LD-602 ) had just been launched on 29th Sep and will be due in 2017. Each ship is said to cost $46 million sans weapons and sensors. They are also known as Strategic Sealift Vessels ( SSV ) in the Philippines.

Also, just last month the Philippine Department of National Defense ( DND ) revealed that the frigate acquisition program launched in Oct 2013 was being finalized. The PN will be getting two modern guided missile frigates or FFGs based on Hyundai Heavy Industries' HDF-3000 multi-purpose frigate design which has been used as the basis for the Republic of Korea Navy's ( RoKN ) Incheon-class frigate. The Incheon-class is also collectively known as the FFX-I frigate.




ROKS Gyeonggi ( FFG-812 ), an Incheon-class frigate of the Republic of Korea Navy,
 fires its main gun while leading a pack of smaller vessels 15th Jan 2016.
 Photo Korean DoD.

It is also worth mentioning that the PN is due to receive a decommissioned Pohang-class patrol combat corvette the ex-ROKS Mokpo ( PCC-759 ) as a recognition of the contribution of Filipino troops during the Korean War. This anti-surface warfare ( ASuW ) version of the Pohang-class corvette is armed with the Aerospatiale ( now MBDA ) MM-38 anti-ship missile ( AShM ), an obsolete version of the Exocet AShM made famous during the Falklands War. Depending on how soon it can be refurbished and handed over, supposedly with all the weapons and sensors intact, this can become the PN's first missile armed combatant. In any case, the PN will soon be entering the missile era, close to fifty years after the rest of the world realized the potential of AShMs with the sinking of the Israeli destroyer INS Eilat by Egyptian fast attack missile boats. Like they always say, better late than never.

ROKS Jinju ( PCC-763 ), a Pohang-class corvette in a photo dated 19th Oct 2015.
Photo : Korean DoD.

HDF-3000 Multi-purpose Frigate

The HDF-3000 multi-purpose frigate is Hyundai Heavy Industries' winning design for the Republic of Korea Navy's ( ROKN a.k.a. South Korean Navy ) Future Frigate eXperimental ( FFX ) Program. The ROKN has a requirement to replace its fleet of ageing Ulsan-class light frigate, Pohang-class general purpose corvettes and Donghae-class coastal corvettes, a total of 37 vessels all commissioned in the early eighties and rapidly approaching the end of their service life.

The original plan was to build a smaller number of more capable ships to replace the older vessels, namely 24 guided missile frigates ( FFG ) in the 3000 ton class. And just like their earlier destroyer acquisition project the Korean Destroyer eXperimental ( KDX ) Program, the ROKN decided to split the procurement of their future frigates into 3 batches, with each successive generation incorporating the lessons learnt during the construction of the previous batch.

The FFX Program was initiated in the early 2000s and by the time the Batch I ( FFX-I ) design was finalized, the frigate had its tonnage reduced to 2300 tons. A total of 6 ships will be produced and the construction of the first frigate was awarded to Hyundai Heavy Industries ( HHI ) in 2010. Today the FFX Batch I frigates are of course known as the Incheon-class FFG following the naming of the first-in-class the ROKS Incheon. It was launched on 29th Apr 2011 and commissioned on 17th Jan 2013. HHI would also go on to build the second and third frigate but the construction of the last three ships was awarded to STX Offshore And Shipbuilding. The first 5 frigates are already in active service with the ROKN while the last frigate will be commissioned by the end of the year. Each FFX Batch I frigate is said to cost USD 232 million.

Meanwhile, construction of the first FFX Batch II frigate ROKS Daegu had already commenced at Daewoo Shipbuilding And Marine Engineering in 2015. The eventual number of FFX frigates procured will be between 18 to 24 vessels, all by the year 2020.

The Incheon-class FFX-I has the following specifications :

Displacement :                       2300 Tons ( Empty )
                                               3251 Tons ( Full Load )

Length :                                 114m
Beam :                                   14m
Draft                                      4m

Propulsion :                           Combined Diesel or Gas ( CODOG ), 2 Shafts
                                              2 x MTU 12V 1163 TB83 Diesel Engines
                                              2 x GE LM2500 Gas Turbine

Speed :                                  30 knots ( Maximum )
                                              18 knots ( Cruising )
Range :                                  4500 nautical miles
Complement :                       145 to 170

Sensors :                               SPS-550K Search Radar
                                              SPG-540K Fire Control Radar
                                              SQS-240K Hull-mounted sonar
                                              Electro-Optical Targeting System
                                              Infra-Red Search and Tract System

Processing Systems :            Samsung Thales Naval Shield Integrated Combat Management System

Electronic Warfare :             LIG Nex1 SLQ-200(V)K SONATA EW Suite

Decoys :                               KDAGAIE Mk2 decoys

Armament :                          1 x Mk45 Mod 4 127mm/L62 Naval Gun
                                             1 x 20mm Phalanx Block 1B CIWS
                                             1 x RIM-116B Rolling Airframe Missile Launcher with 21 rounds
                                             2 x 4 SSM-700K Hae Sung ( C-Star ) Anti-Ship Missiles
                                             2 x 3 K745 Chung Sang Eo ( Blue Shark ) Torpedoes

Aircraft :                              Super Lynx or AW-159 Wildcat
Aviation Facilities :             Flight Deck and Hangar for 1 x Medium Lift Helicopter

  



ROKS Incheon ( FFG-811 ), the first of Korea's FFX-I guided missile frigate class.
Photo : Korean DoD.

FFX-I Capabilities

The HDF-3000 frigate has only a somewhat stealthy hull and superstructure design with reduced acoustic and infrared signatures due to cost constrains. Compared to the older corvettes and frigates that it is supposed to replace, these next generation frigates are definitely much more capable, especially in the area of self-protection. In Mar 2010, the sinking of the ROKS Cheonan by a torpedo from a North Korean submarine is a stark reminder of the importance of ship defense systems. The Cheonan is a Pohang-class corvette which the FFX was meant to replace.

The new frigates will have both gun and missile based close-in weapon systems against precision munitions, AShMs, hostile aircrafts, UAVs and small boats. Batch I vessels will however not be installed with any torpedo and acoustics countermeasures ( TACM ) system. That will have to wait till Batch II and beyond.

The relatively large 5 inch ( 127mm ) main gun with its greater range is good for providing naval gunfire support during amphibious landings by the Marines.

A hull-mounted sonar and two triple torpedo launchers plus the naval helicopter gives these frigate credible ASW capabilities. The addition of a towed array sonar system ( TASS ) in Batch II will further enhance the submarine hunting capabilities of these frigates.

The two quadruple launcher for the LIG Nex1 C-Star ( Hae Sung ) AShM gives the frigates a long range strike capability against surface vessels up to 150km away, a slight increase in range compared to the Harpoon missile. Batch II frigates will be installed with the Hae Sung II which features GPS/INS guidance and land attack capability. The ROKN has now also decided to retrofit the Batch I frigates with the Hae Sung II.

In essence, just by looking at the technical specifications, the Incheon-class FFX Batch I frigates can be considered low-end inshore general purpose frigates, built specifically for the ROKN to counter the North Korean threat which is largely littoral in nature. Apart from the lack of a TASS and a TACM system, the other glaring shortfall is their lack of medium or long range surface-to-air missiles to provide a broader air defense capabilities beyond self-protection. Then again, these frigates are supposed to operate in coastal waters close to home where they can enjoy the protection of the Republic of Korean Air Force ( ROKAF ) and ground based air defense units. They can also rely on the air defense umbrella provided by the ROKN's better equipped KDX destroyers and the FFX Batch II frigates which will have the longer ranged K-SAAM missiles in vertical launchers.

The C Star AShM being fired from a corvette. Photo : LIG Nex1

The C Star emerging from its canister launcher. Photo LIG Nex1

The C Star missile. Photo : LIG Nex1

The Philippine Navy's Frigate Acquisition Project 

Having considered and eventually dropping the idea of buying two refurbished Italian Navy Maestrale-class frigates due largely to the perceived increase in maintenance costs for older ships, the Philippine Department of National Defense launched this two-ship Frigate Acquisition Project in October 2013 to fulfill the PN's long-range maritime surveillance, patrol, and interdiction requirements. It had been allocated PHP 18 billion in total for the project, PHP 16 billion for the construction of the frigates and PHP 2 billion for the munitions. Credit has to go to the previous Aquino Administration for initiating this long overdue revamp of the navy.

There were several contenders for the project initially and they include Navantia of Spain with its Avante 2200 Combatant , STX France with its modified Floreal-class offering, Garden Reach Shipbuilds and Engineers of Kolkata with its modified Kamorta-class ASW corvette, Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering with ? FFX-II and of course Hyundai Heavy Industries with the modified HDF-3000 Incheon-class FFX design.


 

 

Indian Navy ASW corvette INS Kamorta during sea trials. Wikipedia

 

All had to modify their designs one way or other to suit the operational requirements and the budget of the PN. Needless to say, each have their own strengths and weaknesses and it was up to the PN to evaluate and decide which would be of most value.

 

The program had already gone through the first round of bidding in Dec 2013 but suffered the usual delays commonly encountered in the defense procurement processes in the Philippines, namely administrative and financial hurdles. After two years of waiting, it somehow got kick-started again in December 2015 when then President Aquino gave the final approval for the DND to initiate a new tender process with a revised technical specifications list that filled 71 pages. Here's a summary of what the DND wanted.

 

Two new construction multi-mission frigates for Anti-Air Warfare ( AAW ), Anti-Surface Warfare ( ASuW ), Anti-Submarine Warfare ( ASW ) and Electronic Warfare ( EW ) operations. They must be at least 95m in length and not less than 2000 tons. They must have an endurance of 4500 nautical miles at 15 knots and able to sustain 30 days of operations at sea.

 

For engines, the DND asked for Combined Diesel and Diesel Configuration ( CADAD ). The frigates will have to incorporate stealth characteristics to reduce their radar, infra-red and acoustic signatures. The vessels will also have additional space and power to cater for the future installation of an 8-cell vertical launch system ( VLS ) for surface-to-air missiles ( SAM ), close-in weapons system ( CIWS ) and a Towed Array Sonar ( TAS ) system. They will have a hangar to accommodate a 10 ton and the ability to embark a 12 ton helicopter.

 

They will be armed with the following :

 

76mm main gun capable of engaging air and surface targets at a burst rate of 120 rounds per min.

30 to 40mm secondary gun with Electro-optical fire director that can be remotely operated

4 or more 0.5 inch machine guns

Surface-to surface missiles with a range of 150km in two twin launchers

Surface-to-air missiles with a range of 6km in two trainable twin launchers

Light weight torpedoes in two triple launchers

 

Of course there were the usual combat system and sensors and counter measures specifications, like a 3D search radar with a range of 100 nautical miles for air and 40 nm for surface targets ...

 

There were only four bidders for the second and final round. The outcome of the bidding was such that Daewoo and Navantia were eliminated early due to their failure to submit all necessary documents. GRSE submitted the lowest bid, at PHP 15.047 billion ( then USD 324 million ), but was disqualified for failure to comply with the Net Financial Contracting Capacity requirement, an indicator used by the government to gauge a contractor's ability to fulfill a contract. HHI was the second lowest bidder at PHP 15.744 billion ( USD 341 million ) and survived the post qualification scrutiny and thus was declared the winner.

 

 

FFX Minus

 

There is a saying, when you pay peanuts, you get monkeys. The Incheon-class frigates cost USD 232 million each. The DND is paying USD 341 million for two frigates, so some features had to be given up for sure. 

 

What the final configuration of the frigates will be only the PN and Duterte knows for now. The specifications list contained all the signs of penny pinching, like having all-diesel engines instead of the more common and versatile gas turbine-diesel combination. Gas turbines may be more expensive to operate compared with diesel engines but they are essential for the rapid acceleration and the high speed dashes during combat. Some of these cost cutting measures may even have a direct impact on the ability of the frigates to fulfill their intended roles, like asking for very short range air defense missiles ( 6km ?! ) when the frigates were supposed to conduct Anti-Air Warfare? The 8 cell VLS is a distant proposition that may or may not happen, depending on you guessed it, available funds. All it takes is another monster typhoon to crush that future upgrade. And with global warming these once in a century super storms are occurring two or three times annually. Also, with the frigates fitted for but not with a CIWS, they are just sitting ducks for the YJ-8 ( C-802 ) and YJ-18 AShM from the Chinese fleet at the outbreak of hostilities. It could be a case of being penny wise but pound foolish, or shall we say, sentimo wise but piso foolish, where failure to install a USD 8 million Phalanx CIWS ( or other missile-based CIWS ) might have resulted in the loss of a USD 170 million frigate.

 

 

The Phalanx CIWS in action onboard USS Stout ( DDG-55 ).
It is unwise to omit the installation of a CIWS just to save a few pennies. USN Photo

 

 

 

That said, even a watered down FFX-I frigate is a vast improvement on the current line up of the guns-only vessels of the Philippine Navy fleet. When they are delivered, hopefully by the year 2020, the PN will have to rapidly integrate the new frigates into the fleet and attain proficiency in operating the new weapon systems that come with the frigates. The admiralty will have to develop new tactics and joint operations doctrines and put the newly acquired frigates to good use. A stronger PN is not only good for the Philippines but also good for the stability of the region, and will be a useful deterrence against further Chinese expansion in the South China Sea.

 

Lastly, it's just as well the PN frigates won't be equipped with land attack cruise missiles. The constant worry is that Madman Duterte, having lost his beloved Jet Ski, might decide to appropriate the frigates and use them against the estimated 3 million drug peddlers and petty criminals of his own country. Death by 76mm HE. That for sure will escalate the War against Drugs of the Philippines to a whole new level.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

South Seas Concerto 南海协奏曲

The seal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague.



Chinese Poems

Classical Chinese poems from the Tang Dynasty ( 唐朝 AD 618 - 907 ) and later had always been an important form of Chinese literature that had been studied by scholars and read by the masses over the ages. They were elegantly scripted and had to conform to different styles of composition depending on the era. For example, the Five-Character Quatrain ( 五言绝句 wuyanjueju ) in which the poet had to convey all he had to say in four short verses of five characters each, simple, short, sharp and to the point, but packed with thought provoking meanings deep down.

The poems are frequently narrative or descriptive, expressing the joys and sorrows of life experienced by the poet. They can sometimes be inspirational, spurring the reader on to higher levels of achievement ( see image below ). They can be patriotic, with the aim of rallying the people to a worthy cause. But they can also be satirical, subtly and covertly expressing the frustration or anger of the poet against an inept regime or tyrannical ruler which cannot be otherwise publicly voiced.






An inspirational Tang Dynasty Five-Character
Quatrain poem by Wang Zhihuan ( A.D. 688 - 742 )
entitled " Climbing Guanque Tower "( 登鹳雀楼 )

A Poem For Troubled Waters?

You bet! In the light of the ever escalating South China Sea maritime disputes, a contemporary poem has been written in Chinese with the corresponding English translation by the side. As you could have guessed from the title, it is all about the recent illegal maritime claims and illegal activities of China in the South China Sea. The just concluded arbitration case between claimants Philippines and China by the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague unequivocally ruled that just about everything China had done in the South Seas in recent years were illegal and illegitimate.

It is written in Chinese partly with the hope that any Chinese citizen who stumble on to this article would come to realize just how bad their country's reputation had become and how their leadership had mislead the whole country against its neighbors and the rest of the World, well minus Russia and the DPRK. Don't be brain-washed. Get your grey matter back! You can feed them to the zombies later if you didn't quite like what you've got.

All we need now is to have a score to go along with the words.

 

南海协奏曲 South Seas Concerto

中共似盗匪  蛮横不论理     The Chinese communist are akin to barbaric and unreasonable bandits
强势欺寡弱  为所而欲为     Bullying the weak and the meek with impunity
勃勃野心存  无孔不入矣     With an insatiable ambition and an omnipresence
先称霸東亞  后讨伐世界     First to dominate East Asia, then to conquer the World

仅凭九段线  南海全收伏     Seizing the entire Southern Seas, based on just nine dashes
地图出纸墨  虚线任君画     Maps are but paper and ink, dashes arbitrarily drawn
横跨千万浬  岂可当庭证     Stretching over thousands of miles, inadmissible as evidence
诸国领海权  尽抛云霄外     Sovereign rights of nations, all duly ignored

滔滔汪洋浪  独吞为内海     Turning the vast ocean into an inland sea
浩浩长空晴  任封识别区     Denying access of the skies through identification zones
蔑视海洋法  暗礁变岛屿     Mocking the Law of the Sea, reefs had become islands
独特礁生态  瞬间永灭绝     Unique ecological systems, instantly lost forever

曾契立协议  岛礁不占领     Agreements were made not to occupy the reefs
还说海域内  太平不驻军     As were promises of non-militarization
而今毁承诺  调兵又遣将     All were mere empty words with today's built up
如此无礼仪  声名亦狼藉     Such dishonorable behavior makes for poor reputation

常设仲裁院  南海仲裁案     The South Seas arbitration at the Hague
最后裁决言  九段不合法     Invalidated the legality of the Nine Dash Line
南沙岛非岛  缺资水皆石     The Spratlys are not islands but rocks lacking water / resources
美济归菲国  水域属公海     Mischief Reef to the Philippines, the oceans open to all

还我航行权  保我珊瑚礁     Give us the right of navigation, return the coral reefs
共匪解放军  远离南海域     Communist Bandits and the PLA, get out of the South Seas
滚回海贼穴  苟且可偷生     Scramble back to your pirate dens, that your miserable lives be spared
疆土何其大  还需夺烂礁?   Why steal a blasted rock, when one already possess the rolling hills?




Greed, self-servitude and barbarism, that's why. SHAME on you China. If there were ever a need for a 240 word summary of the events in the South China Sea, this is it!

Glossary

南海 ( Nanhai )                            :   South Seas / South China Sea
协奏曲 ( Xiezouqu )                    :   Concerto
中共 ( Zhonggong )                     :   Communist China / Chinese Communist Party
盗匪 ( Daofei )                             :    Bandit / Robber
为所欲为 ( Weisuoyuwei )          :   To act with impunity
東亞 ( Dongya )                           :   East Asia
九段线 ( Jiuduanxian )                :   Nine-Dash Line
虚线 ( Xuxian )                            :   Dash line / Dotted line
地图 ( Ditu )                                :   Map
领海权 ( Linghaiquan )               :   Maritime territorial rights
识别区 ( Shibiequ )                     :  ( Air Defense ) Identification Zone
蔑视 ( Mieshi )                            :   To mock / Make a mockery of
暗礁 ( Anjiao )                            :   Submerged reef
岛屿 ( Daoyu )                            :   Island
生态 ( Shengtai )                         :    Ecosystem
灭绝 ( Miejue )                           :    Exterminate / Extinct
协议 ( Xieyi )                              :    Formal agreement / Memorandum of Understanding
占领 ( Zhanling )                        :   Occupy / Occupation
驻军 ( Zhujun )                           :   Militarization
承诺 ( Chengnuo )                      :   Promise / Guarantee
调兵遣将 ( Diaobingqianjiang ) :   Troop deployment / Movements
声名狼藉 ( Shengminglangji )   :    Poor Reputation
常设仲裁法院 ( Changshezhongcaiyuan ) :    The Permanent Court of Arbitration
仲裁案 ( Zhongcaian )               :    Arbitration case
最后裁决 ( Zuihoucaijue )         :    Final verdict
南沙岛 ( Nanshadao )                :    Chinese name for Spratly Islands
石 ( Shi )                                    :     Rock
美济 ( Meiji )                             :    Chinese name for Mischief Reef
菲国 ( Feiguo )                           :    The Philippines abbreviated
公海 ( Gonghai )                        :    High Seas / International Waters
航行权 ( Hangxingquan )          :    Navigational rights
珊瑚礁 ( Shanhujiao )               :     Coral reef
共匪 ( Gongfei )                        :     Commie Bandit
解放军 ( Jiefangjun )                :     The People's Liberation Army, Navy and Air Force
滚 ( Gun )                                  :     Literally to roll / Derogatory word meaning to F.O. ( ****-Off )
海贼 ( Haizei )                          :      Pirate of the high seas
穴 ( Xue )                                  :      Hole / Cave / Den
苟且偷生 ( Gouqietousheng )   :     A miserable existence of bare sustenance
疆土 ( Jiangtu )                          :    Sovereign territory
烂礁 ( Lanjiao )                         :    Literally a rotten reef / A broken or poorly formed reef

 

**** Thy Neighbour, Kiss Thy Submarines Goodbye!

Every Country Needs Submarines

Well not quite, there are always caveats. Not perhaps if you are Andorra, Mongolia, Nepal or Republique Centrafrique, in which case you would not even have the need for a navy. Other than that, as long as the country has a maritime border, having a fleet of submarines is probably on the wish list of every naval chief.

The submarine is unique in its ability to dive to the depths of the oceans and remain largely hidden from friend and foe for days, weeks or months until it is ready to strike. And when that moment came, it could than choose to strike at the enemy where and when it was least expected, thus increasing its chances of a successful operation.

Their deterrent value is such that they are probably the only way a smaller navy could hold its ground and stand up to the might of a much bigger one. After all, you can't fight what you can't detect! Having submarines would also force your opponent to channel lots of resources into anti-submarine warfare ( ASW ), meaning time, money, personnel, surface and sub-surface combatants, perhaps even aerial assets have to be diverted from other tasks to conduct ASW operations.

In addition, the old adage that the best platform to hunt for a submarine is another submarine probably still holds true today. So if your arch enemy owned submarines, you would probably like to have the same capabilities as well, fiscal and other circumstances allowing.

So every maritime nation needs submarines but some need it more than others. But none in more dire need than the Philippines which is embroiled in a long standing maritime territorial dispute with China. In fact outgoing Filipino President Benigno Aquino III openly indicated in late March 2016 that his country is contemplating having a fleet of submarines. Just how that can be achieved is a matter of debate.

Sweden's future submarine the A26 breaking waves. Image : SAAB-Kockums

South China Sea or West Philippine Sea? 

The Philippines and China have long had overlapping claims on island, outcrops and sea territories in the Spratly Islands, South China Sea. The international community largely views the South China Sea as the high seas open to all for navigation but China thought otherwise. With their ambiguous nine-dash-line map China claims almost the entire South China Sea as its own backyard, ignoring overlapping claims from other smaller countries like Malaysia, Brunei and Vietnam and Taiwan.

Confrontation between the navies and coastguards of both countries are common but the outcome is usually non-fatal as the less capable Filipino forces back down or withdraw. But Filipino fishermen have been denied fishing rights by the Chinese Coastguard vessels within the Philippine's 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone, and men and vessels are frequently detained for infringing those territories. The situation is so bad that the Philippines had asked the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague to invalidate China's claims in Jul 2015. The court ruled that it had jurisdiction over the matter in Oct 2015 and agreed to take up seven out of fifteen submissions by the Philippines, some of which focus on whether Scarborough Shoals and Mischief Reef in the Spratlys are considered islands or outcrops. The hearing of the case, which China boycotted, was completed in Nov 2015 and the tribunal is due to release its report anytime now.

China has all this while resisted arbitration with international legal bodies like the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) as it believed the proceedings and judges could be biased against it, instead it has been advocating for bilateral negotiations with the countries affected.

Presumably to make its legitimate claim on the Spratly Islands based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS III ) look even more legitimate, the Philippines have began referring to the South China Sea as the West Philippine Sea. You may not find it on your nautical charts or atlas but those printed or published by Manila certainly bear this surreptitious change.

The New Sick Man Of Asia

This derogatory label in its original form " Sick Man of East Asia " ( in Chinese 东亚病夫 dong ya bing fu ) was used to refer to Imperial China in the late 19th and early 20th century where half the population was emaciated from opium abuse and the authorities were too weak to resist occupation by foreign powers. Wars were fought and lost and as a consequence and concessions had to be dished out to the victor. Of course this sick man had long since been put on anabolic steroids and is currently a super power and the biggest bully in Asia.

On the other hand, the Philippines which once used to be the second most prosperous country in Asia ( after Japan ) in the years after World War II, saw its fortunes change for the worse when endemic and systemic corruption by its leadership effectively emptied its coffers and bankrupted the nation. Specifically, the Marcos family and their cronies who over two decades of dictatorship had enriched themselves to the tune of USD 10 billion or more. Things hardly improved even after the People Power Revolution which ousted Marcos in 1986 as corrupt practices are deeply entrenched. As a result the whole country suffered and the Philippines Armed Forces was not spared either. Years of underfunding and neglect had seriously undermined its ability to safeguard the interest and sovereignty of the Philippines.

Its equipment are not only old but also obsolete, consisting of largely hand-me-downs by the good will of friendly nations. Foreign military aid from the United States is an important source of sustenance. Therefore it is not surprising that the Philippines is considered the new Sick Man of Asia, which of course Aquino would vehemently oppose. To be fair, the economy of the Philippines did improve under his watch over the past six years, perhaps so much that the country now could begin to procure new equipment, like the KAI-Lockheed Martin FA-50 Golden Eagle fighter / light attack aircraft of which a dozen had been ordered. But these are no where near what the Philippines might actually require in terms of number or type, and Aquino will be stepping down this year, after his single term of six years come to an end.

You Call That A Frigate?

So what kind of shape is the Philippine Armed Forces in? How bad is bad? Compared to China, where does the Philippine military stand? To have an idea of the huge disparity between the military forces of the two countries, we just have to look at the Philippine Navy ( PN ) and the People's Liberation Army Navy ( PLAN ) or Chinese Navy.

The South Seas Fleet of the Chinese Navy alone is made up of 11 guided missile destroyers ( DDG ), 21 guided missile frigates ( FFG ), 10 missile corvettes, 9 modern attack submarines ( SSK ), another 8 not so new SSK, 4 nuclear ballistic missile submarines ( SSBN ), 6 nuclear fast attack submarines ( SSN ) and numerous landing crafts and auxiliary / support vessels. They are supported by land based combat aircrafts of the fleet air arm which includes the H-6 Badger bomber, J-11 Flanker, JH-7 Flounder and J-8 Finback. We have not even mentioned about the East Sea and the North Sea Fleets yet.

In contrast, the entire Philippine Navy can only muster 3 frigates, 10 corvettes and 36 patrol crafts, 11 amphibious landing ships, some support vessels and no submarines at all. None of these surface combatants are armed with missiles. Of the 3 frigates, 1 was an ex-USN destroyer escort which saw action in WWII, was decommissioned after the war and transferred to the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force in the fifties, laid up in the seventies and sold to the Philippines as excess defense article in 1978 ( assumingly at rock bottom prices for almost next to nothing ). The other 2 frigates are ex-US Coast Guard Hamilton-class high endurance cutters that had been retired from service in 2011. Most of the corvettes are actually old minesweepers and patrol crafts with some dating back to WWII.

The BRP Rajah Humabon PF-11 is probably the oldest frigate in active service.
Commissioned as a destroyer escort in the USN in 1943, it was transferred to the
JMSDF in 1955 and commissioned as the JDS Hatsuhi before it was
returned to the USN in 1975 and sold as excess defense article to the Philippines in 1978.
Seen here during Exercise Balikatan 2010 in the South China Sea. USN Photo.

The BRP Gregorio del Pilar ( PF-15 ) and Coast Guard vessel Edsa (SARV 002 )
during CARAT Philippines 2013.
PF-15 is a coast guard high endurance cutter disguised as a frigate. Without a CIWS,
it won't have survived the first salvos of inbound vampires from the PLAN. Wikicommons

From the revelations above it is not difficult to understand the rationale behind the Philippine's desire to acquire submarines, the great equalizer, but what can it afford? If it doesn't even have the money to buy proper frigates and corvettes which are generally much cheaper, how can it aspire to own submarines?

The GDP of the Philippines had enjoyed healthy growth in the past 5 or 6 years under the economy friendly policies of Aquino. It is estimated to hit almost USD 300 billion in 2016. The defense budget for 2016 however is only USD 3.8 billion, barely 1.3% of the GDP. Yet it already represented a 50% increase year on year, and the 2015 budget was itself a 25% increase over the previous year's. Such massive increases are only possible if one started from an ultra-low baseline. In 2014, the defense spending actually suffered from a reduction due to funds being diverted for disaster relief after the Philippines was struck by the super typhoon Haiyan. This highlights another problem that developing nations frequently face, that military spending is not given a high priority and is contingent on funds not being taken away for other projects deemed more urgent, or worse, being siphoned away by some corrupt politician.

For comparison, NATO member countries are obliged to allocate at least 2% of their GDP as defense expenditure, though the truth is that most fall short of that targeted level of spending. The United States spends about 4% of its GDP on its military, China 2.1%, Vietnam 2.2%, Malaysia 1.5% and Singapore 3.3%.

To answer the question of what submarine the Philippines might be able to afford, we have to examine the cost of some of the recent submarine deals.

Recent Submarine Transactions

Unless you are fortunate or unfortunate enough to be Israel, where its submarine acquisition costs are hugely subsidized by Germany as an atonement for crimes committed against the Jewish community during WWII, you will be on your own when shopping for submarines. Here are the various submarine sales and offers that occurred in the past decade or so in USD :

Scorpene-class for Malaysia in 2002 2 ( + 1 Agosta 70B ) for $972 million ( Unit cost $486m )
Scorpene-class for India ordered in 2005 6 ( last 2 with AIP ) for $3 billion ( Unit cost $500m )
Project 636M Improved Kilo-class for Vietnam ordered in 2009 6 for $1.8 billion ( Unit cost $300m )
Type 214 for Turkey ordered in 2011 6 for $2.2 billion ( Unit cost $367m )
Type 209 / 1400 for Indonesia in 2011 3 for $1.07 billion ( Unit cost $357m )
Type 218SG for Singapore 2013 2 for estimated $1.1 billion ( Unit cost $550m )
A26 for Sweden in 2015 2 for $945 million ( Unit cost $473m )
Type 039A Yuen-class AIP in 2015 offered to Thailand 3 for $1.1 billion ( Unit cost $335m )
Type 209 for Egypt in 2016 2 for $1.01 billion ( Unit cost $506m )
Soryu-class late model with lithium batteries for Japan in 2016 1 for $580 million
Shortfin Barracuda for Australia 2016 12 for estimated $14.4 billion ( unit cost $1.67b )


As the numbers indicate, the unit cost of a new build modern diesel-electric fast attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine ( SSK ) will not be cheap. It will cost at least US$300 million or more. And you don't just buy one boat. To have a credible submarine force, a country would need a fleet of at least 3 submarines to ensure the availability of one or more boats at any one time. So it would set the prospective buyer back by at least US$1 billion, not including other expenditures like docking and maintenance facilities, submarine tenders and rescue vessels with the necessary equipment including deep submersibles, medical support infrastructure like hyperbaric treatment centres and of course a submarine training school. After that there will also be recurrent operational costs involved.

South Korea's Type 209 derived Chang Bogo- class SSK the ROKS Nae Dyong
at RIMPAC 2012, Hawaii. Photo : USN

Second-Hand Submarines

If new submarines are out of Manila's reach, how about used submarines? The early nineties was the golden era for buyers of used submarines as many NATO countries were retiring their submarines earlier than planned due to the end of the Cold War and the perceived peace and New World Order than came with it. The naval equivalent of the Great German Panzer Sale.

The most extreme case must have been the Royal Navy's 4 Upholder-class SSK, commissioned between 1990 to 1993 and all decommissioned in 1994. The last boat of the class HMS Unicorn's commission lasted less than 16 months! They were all subsequently sold to the Canadian Navy in 1998 for US$750 million and renamed the Victoria-class. Though relatively new, 4 years of being mothballed must have caused significant deterioration to the condition of the submarines and there were still incidents and mishaps involved including a serious fire onboard HMCS Chicoutimi ( ex-HMS Upholder ) that left it crippled during the trans-Atlantic transfer from Faslane in 2004.

Royal Canadian Navy Victoria-class submarine HMCS Windsor ( Ex-HMS Unicorn ) SSK 877
leaving Faslane, Scotland for Halifax, Nova Scotia. Wikipaedia

The Swedish Sjoorman-class and later Vastergotland-class, German Type 206A and Dutch Zwaardvis-class boats were all divested or decommissioned by their owners before the end of their useful service life.  But unfortunately those opportunities have long since dried up.

Of course submarines are being commissioned and decommissioned all the time, but nowadays fleets then to be much smaller and the boats tend to remain in service for a much longer duration. These old hulls will not have much useful lives left in them, not especially if you have to pay to acquire them and then pay again to have them refurbished. For example the project for the replacement of Norway's 6 Type 210 derived Ula-class, commissioned around 1990, has already began but the boats have been slated to remain in service until the year 2025, a total of 35 years! Similarly, the Netherland's 4 Walrus-class SSK commissioned in 1992 has also been targeted for replacement but again will remain in service until 2025.

Regardless, consider South Korea's recent offer of two 20 year old Type 209 Chang Bogo-class SSK to Thailand for $500 million. The unit cost would be $250 million and that is almost the price of a new SSK! It seems that even used boats are not exactly a viable option for Manila either! That leaves the Philippines with the last possible option which it is already so familiar with - the hand-me-down option.

Hand-Me-Down Boats

In order to identify possible sources of hand-me-down submarines, we have to examine which are the countries that are sympathetic to Manila and might have boats to spare. China for sure isn't one, even though it might have loads of surplus submarines but those are mainly obsolete Ming-class boats derived from the Soviet Romeo-class SSK which nobody wants anyway.

The United States of America was and still is the staunchest ally of the Philippines but they have not had a single conventional diesel-electric submarine in service since the last of the Barbel-class ( laid down between 1956 and 1957 ) USS-Blueback was decommissioned in 1990.

The British supplied 3 Peacock-class patrol vessels from the Royal Navy's Hong Kong Squadron to the Philippine Navy in 1997 for a goodwill price of US$20 million and might be somewhat sympathetic to Philippine's cause but they have already sold their last conventional submarines to the Canadians and had gone completely nuclear long ago just like the Americans and the French.

The Australians are hugely concerned about the ever expanding ambition of China in the southern seas and would probably side with the Philippines. They also have a relatively large and not too old fleet of submarine, the Collins-class which are due for retirement beginning around the year 2025. But dates are likely to slip as the construction of the future submarines gets delayed for various reasons. Could they possibly gift a couple of Collins boats to the Philippines? Even if that happened, would anyone actually want to operate the defects plagued Collins-class submarine? I can only say perhaps beggars can't be choosers.

Japan has been a strong supporter of the Philippines and has plans to transfer surplus P-3C Orion maritime patrol planes to the Philippines as more of their new Kawasaki P-1 come online. The Filipinos will also be leasing 5 of Japan's Beechcraft TC-90 King Air advanced trainer aircraft to boost their maritime surveillance capabilities. The Japanese also have a history of decommissioning their submarines relatively early, usually after 18 to 20 years of service which made Japanese submarines theoretically good candidates for refurbishment and a second life in some other less advanced navy. That had never happened in the past because the post war Constitution of Japan forbade any form of arms export, new or used, until current Prime Minister Shinzo Abe lifted the ban. However, in order to counter the might of the Chinese Navy, the Japanese plan to have a total of 22 submarines in active service, 10 of the older Oyashio-class and 12 of the latest Soryu-class ( of which 8 have already been built ), so they have yet to reach this target and do not have spare submarines to offer. Unless of course we consider some of Japan's even older submarines the Harushio-class where 6 have been decommissioned and 1 converted into a training submarine. What's a couple of Harushios in exchange for say a permanent presence or a lifetime of berthing rights in Subic Bay?

Closer to home, within the 10 member ASEAN organization which the Philippines belongs, perhaps Singapore is the only country which is small enough and has operated submarines long enough to possibly have surpluses. Small enough to avoid the perpetual problem of not having enough boats to cover vast tracks of oceans like fellow members Indonesia and Malaysia. Long enough to have witnessed the retirement of earlier generation boats and have them available for sale or as give away. Just last year, the Republic of Singapore Navy ( RSN ) retired two Challenger-class submarines that it had operated since the late nineties. The remaining two Challenger-class boats still in active service will likely be retired after the new Type 218SG submarines are commissioned beginning year 2020. These submarines, first commissioned into the Royal Swedish Navy between 1968 and 1969, will be past fifty years old by then, but they had been extensively modernised and tropicalized before and had been in the good hands of the RSN. They might just be used judiciously for several more years as long as one doesn't make too many fathoms out of them. Afterall Taiwan's WWII era Guppy-class submarines Hai Shih and Hai Pao are still in active service as training boats after more than seventy years. Will Singapore risk incurring the wrath of China by selling or giving the Challenger boats to the Philippines? Common sense tells me it will not, since there exists very strong commercial ties between China and Singapore, but who knows? One can always arrange to have them sold as scrap metal to some third party front company registered in the British Virgin Islands or Panama and then have the boats shipped to the Philippines for stripping and demolition only to have them resurrected and patrolling the West Philippine Sea before Xi Jinping can even let out a startled fart. The world can always learn a thing or two from China.

 

Taking Goodwill For Granted?

The impending doom that the Philippines is currently facing is the fact that President Benigno Aqino's 6 year term is ending. The steady economical growth enjoyed by the country for the past few years may not necessarily continue at the same pace with the leadership renewal. It all depends on who is at the helm. Unfortunately for the Philippines, the people chose Rodrigo Duterte, the foul mouthed, gun-totting, self-confessed womanizer and ex-mayor of the once lawless Davao City who rose to fame with his zero-tolerance policy against crime. Under his record seven terms as mayor, he claimed to have drastically reduced the crime rate of Davao but was widely alleged to have been associated with vigilante death squads that carried out extra-judicial killings of criminals. He rode on his promise to rid his country of crime and corruption within six months of taking office and eventually finished the presidential election with a landside win of 38.5% of the votes. The amazing thing was he won without ever properly giving an account of how he was to manage the economy.

Rodrigo Duterte - the next dictator of the Philippines? Wikipaedia

During his presidential election campaign, he made so many gaffes and made so many incredulous remarks that offended individuals, organisations and countries alike that Donald Trump's antics would have paled in comparison.

This included a Facebook post in April by his publicist that seemed to suggest the endorsement of his candidacy by Mr Lee Hsien Loong, the Prime Minister of Singapore, a country which is noted for its clean government and relatively low levels of corruption. " Davao Mayor RODRIGO DUTERTE is the only Presidential Candidate that could make Philippines like Singapore. Clean, efficient and disciplined. .... Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong ". That was of course swiftly refuted by the Singapore Embassy in Manila. " The Embassy has learned of a FB post mischievously alleging that the Prime Minister of Singapore endorses a presidential candidate for the upcoming presidential election in the Philippines. This is untrue. Singapore does not endorse any candidate." " The choice is for Filipinos alone to make. We wish the Philippines well in its conduct of its elections." Short, sharp and perfectly logical response to Duterte's nonsense. The original post had been taken down, and the Singapore government later said it would seek legal advise on the misleading post. Not only did he not apologise, the Duterte camp even labeled the incident as a " trivial matter " and suggested that Singapore was over reacting.

Facebook page of the Singapore Embassy in Manila

 

 

Still on Singapore, at a rally on 30th April, Duterte recalled how he protested the 1995 execution of a Filipino domestic worker Flor Contemplacion by Singapore for committing a double murder, killing a fellow Filipino worker and a 4 year old Singaporean boy. He mentioned the unwillingness of Singapore to budge on the execution order even when a pardon was sort by the then Filipino President Fidel Ramos. He claimed to have told someone at that time " Find me a flag of Singapore. Let's burn it. I told them, **** Singapore. ". He then went on to lead about a thousand Davao City employees to burn the Singapore flag in March 1995. A nation's flag represents its sovereignty and should never be dishonored in anyway by anyone. Burning another country's flag can be considered the greatest diplomatic taboo that should never have been allowed. Such disrespectful antics towards one's neighbor reflects poorly on the standing of the perpetrator can never have a good outcome. Instead of letting such serious incidents in the past be forgotten, this mother***king idiot actually brought it up and wore it on his chest as if it was the Medal of Honor! As usual, his spokesman subsequently kicked into damage control mode and said that his flag burning remarks were made only jokingly. Would you like to have a comedian as your Presidente? Yes Presidente, No Presidente, Ho Ho Ha Ha Ha you are soooo funny Mr. Presidente.

The face of a murderer.
All the Filipino websites that commemorated Flor Contemplacion,
including Migrante International from which the image was taken,
never ever mentioned about why she was sent to the gallows,
that she was convicted of murdering two persons
after a very thorough investigation by the Singapore Police
and a proper trial in the Singapore Courts.
Had a Singaporean committed a similar crime, the
judiciary system would have dished out the same punishment.

He also joked about the rape and murder of an Australian missionary during a hostage crisis by inmates of a Davao detention centre in 1989 which as the mayor he was involved as a civilian official in the negotiating team. " They raped all of the women … there was this Australian lay minister … when they took them out … I saw her face and I thought, Son of a bitch. What a pity… they raped her, they all lined up ... I was mad she was raped but she was so beautiful. I thought, the mayor should have been first ". His remarks were heavily criticized by both the Australian and the American ambassadors to the Philippines. Amanda Gorely ( Aus ) " Rape and murder should never be joked about or trivialized. Violence against women and girls is unacceptable anytime, anywhere.". Philip Goldberg ( US ) concurred with this " Statements by anyone, anywhere that either degrade women or trivialize issues so serious as rape or murder are not ones that we condone. " Instead of retracting his remarks and apologizing, he told the ambassadors to shut up. " It would do well with the American ambassador and the Australian ambassador to shut their mouths". "You’re not Filipinos. Shut up. Do not interfere because it’s election time".

US and Australian Special Operations Forces (SOF) fast rope out of a
MH-60 Seahawk as part of a helicopter assault training event during
exercise Balikatan 2016 at Puerto Princessa, Philippines.
 The US and Australia are the two staunchest allies of the Philippines. Photo : USN

He even dared the Americans and the Australians, two of the Philippine's closest allies, to sever diplomatic ties with his country once he is elected as president. " If I become the President, go ahead and sever it (diplomatic ties)". Some follow Filipino technocrats even consider Duterte a threat to national security as he had absolutely no insight as to the importance of alliances in his country's foreign dealings. They believed Duterte had undermined Aquino's six years of efforts nurturing ties with America and Australia and might be steering the Philippines into isolationism. As usual, he later blamed the media for asking leading questions that resulted in him being misquoted. " Who am I to sever ties? ". The answer to that question? You are a nobody, just a ***king turd.

His tough talking endeared him to nobody. He seems to have offended almost all the friends and allies of the Philippines with the exception of Mr Shinzo Abe, but I believe it is only a matter of time before this CB Mouth would utter something absurd to absolutely make the Japanese mad.

He was at odds with the religious community and accused the Catholic Church of being hypocritical, of influencing and meddling with politics, criticizing him and yet asking for favours from him. He also accused the priests of secretly fathering children and the bishops of corruption, alleging that they received luxury cars from sponsors and organisations. He threatened to reveal all their misdeeds. He even cursed Pope Francis and called him the son of a whore when he discovered that the traffic jam he encountered was caused by the Pope's visit to Manila, only to quickly apologise saying that he was unhappy with the Manila authorities and not the Pope.

On the maritime territorial dispute with China, he wanted to conduct direct talks with China, something which his predecessor was vehemently opposed to. That could potentially make his country's filings to Permanent Court of Arbitration look silly in view of the new developments. He also indicated that he would forego Philippine's claims on the Spratly Islands if Beijing builds him a high speed rail system like they did in Kenya and I believe he would not have hesitated to sell his own mother to the devil if it benefited him. He said openly that he wanted carry a Philippine flag and ride a jet ski to the Spratly Islands occupied by the Chinese, land, plant the flag and proclaim to the Chinese troops there that the territory belonged to him. Yeah, right. Let's see what a couple of 23mm slugs could do to a puny unarmoured pinoy jet ski and what effects they could have on the human body. Mr Duterte will literally have his mind blown away even before he could make a landing.

The Jet Ski® is a registered trade mark of Kawasaki.
The Jet Ski Ultra 310LX 2016 is depicted. Image : Kawasaki.

Other controversial issues raised by Mr Toodirty included the plans to bury the Philippine's late dictator Ferdinand Marcos in the Heroes' Cemetery in Manila which would only whitewash all the crimes committed against the state and the people of the Philippines. Already members of the Marcos family had been allowed not only to return to the country from exile but are making a comeback in politics with the wife Imelda elected a congresswoman and the son Ferdinand Marcos Jnr a senator, never mind the $10 billion stolen or the thousands killed or tortured. Such is the forgiving culture of the people of the Philippines, sometimes to the point of absurdity.

You Are On Your Own, Buddy!

That's the scariest phrase to hear when one is already up to the neck waddling in deep shit. Unfortunately, that's exactly the situation for the Philippines, who already lost huge tracks of oceans and numerous islands and outcrops to China, the most recent being Scarborough Shoals in 2012. Instead of mustering all the friends that can possibly lend a hand, the Philippines seems to be doing the opposite by alienating itself from its traditional supporters and actively burning bridges. Beginning from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 that almost completely destroyed Clark Air Base of the US Air Force and Subic Bay where the US Navy had a permanent base, the Filipino government made the strategic mistake of their lives by their failure to continue to allow US Forces to maintain a constant presence in the Philippines.

Naval Air Station Cubi Point ( left ) and Naval Station Subic Bay ( right ) in a
1990 photo. Wikipaedia



The might of the US Pacific Air Force : F-4E and F-4G Phantoms,
C-141 Starlifter and C-130 Hercules at Clark Air Base, 1989. Wikipaedia

The Kiwis were there too! Good old Douglas A-4Ks of the Royal New Zealand Air Force
at Clark Air Base during Ex Cope Thunder 84-7. Wikicommons



The large plinian eruption column of the stratovolcano Pinatubo
seen from Clark Air Base just 14km away on 12th Jun 1991.
 It reached an altitude of 19km. It was the first of a series of eruptions
that would climax on 15th June, sending pyroclastic flows
down the slopes of the volcano. US Geological Survey photo

Ashfall from the 15th Jun 1991 eruption cause the roof of this warehouse
to collapse at Clark Air Base. USAF Photo via Smithsonian Institution
National Museum of Natural History Global Volcanism Program website



Naval Air Station Cubi Point, Subic Bay 15th jun 1991 :
Heavy ashfall cause this World Airways McDonnell Douglas DC-10 to rest on its tail.
USGS photo via Wikipaedia 



Naval Station Subic Bay at Zambales 40km from Pinatubo is not spared
from the destructive ashfall either. Photo taken on 8th Jul 1991. Wikipaedia

 

Emboldened by the withdrawal of the USAF and USN, the Chinese progressively occupied more and more reefs in the Spratly Islands while the Philippine military could only watch in horror as they were too weak to resist the Chinese moves. In 1999, they were so desperate that the Philippine Navy deliberately grounded a WWII era County-class Landing Ship Tank, the BRP Sierra Madre at Second Thomas Shoal in the Spratlys and used the ship as a permanently garrisoned outpost. As of today, the rusting hull is still housing a small contingent of marines who had to receive their resupplies by airdrop of late due to the blockade by the Chinese Coast Guard. At the rate Duterte goes, the Philippines will soon find itself fighting China alone.

The Second Thomas Shoal ( right ) is just 30km east of
Mischief Reef ( upper left ) which is occupied by the Chinese.

A small speck at the northern rim of the reef is where the BRP Sierra Madre is grounded.

 

 

It is not too difficult to see the grounded LST in this magnified image.

 

 

The dilapidated LT-57 BRP Sierra Madre in its final resting place at Second Thomas Reef.
Her hull had rusted through after years of abandonment with waves lapping inside her cargo
 hold. She will probably never ever sail again.

The BRP Sierra Madre rusting away at Second Thomas Shoal. Photo : Japan Times

Aft view of the Sierra Madre. I wonder if the AA gun still works. Photo : Japan Times

More Foreign Military Aid?

Want Mr Turnbull's old AP-3C Orion maritime patrol planes after he receives his P-8A Poseidons this coming Christmas? More ex-USCG cutters as frigates? Free submarines dropping out of the heavens like Manna? Dream on Duturdee. Not when you keep offending your allies like you did and laugh it off as trivial matters. Why should anybody help the Philippines? Nobody owes the Philippines a living. If the Philippines Armed Forces needs modernization, you jolly well fund the whole venture yourself. After all, who was it that claimed he could wipe off crime and corruption in his country in 6 months? With corruption gone, and the economy doing so well, the coffers should be overflowing right? Now we are talking.

Not that I know what the Singapore government intends to do with the 2 retired Challenger-class boats RSS Challenger and RSS Centurion. If ever they were to be given away, they should go to some other more deserving countries, like Brunei or Taiwan. Both have maritime territorial disputes with China in the South China Sea. Both are important defense partners with Singapore, as they regularly host Singapore Armed Forces troops during their overseas military training exercises. Both deserve Singapore's gratitude. However, Brunei is probably rich enough to afford brand new submarines and may not be keen to receive hand outs. They threw away their Nakhoda Ragam corvettes without even commissioning them and then went on to order new ones, remember?

On the other hand, until the day they can successfully build their indigenous submarines, the Taiwanese Navy could very well make use of a couple of well maintained 50 year old submarines. Anything would be considerably safer than their seventy year old Hai Shih and Hai Pao. Heck, Singapore can do anything with the Challenger and the Centurion. Museum boat, mothball for future contingencies, sell them, cannibalize them, sink them or scrap them, anything .... . Just don't give 'em to that Son Of A Bitch Duterte.

Go **** yourself, you worthless piece of turd. And good luck with those jet skis.